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Main
T.O.C.
Part
1
Defining
Managing
Securing
Auditing
Training
Part
2
Overview
Gen.
Sec.
LAN
Sec.
Peri.
Sec.
Part
3
Checklist
Sec.
Pol.
Pwd
Pol.
Budgets
Glossary
Biblio.
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Sample Budgets
Budget Parameters
In Chapter 3 we looked at the costs related to installing and maintaining
a computer network in libraries. Looking at the costs separately does
not provide a real picture of what the collective costs mean to the library
budget. In this document I present two budget configurations to show how
significant the problem of sustainability is. Looking at these scenarios
illustrates why I’ve listed lack of funding as the number one threat to
the library’s network resources.
Some possible equipment and operational costs associated with using technology
(fax machines, telephones, additional air conditioning needed to dissipate
heat created by the computers, and others) are not included in these budgets.
Those included are listed to provide a realistic sense of what the library’s
actual costs may be. Here are some thoughts to keep in mind as you review
the budgets:
-
The maintenance costs included assume the library must contract
with commercial vendors for normal computer and network support.
Maintenance costs are estimated at $100 per workstation per year.
Server maintenance is estimated at $150 per year. Network equipment
and printer maintenance is estimated at $100 per item per year.
-
When pooling maintenance funds, it may be possible to reduce the
total of the pool by 10-30% (not every item will be worked on every
year—unless equipment is unreliable or configured poorly). The more
equipment you add to the pool, the lower the actual maintenance
fees per item tend to be.
-
The maximum number of years a piece of equipment is likely to be
serviceable is presented in parentheses under the Annualized Replacement
Cost column. Replacement cost is simply the original cost of the
equipment divided by the expected number of years it will be serviceable.
-
While the budget figures may be shocking, they are reasonably accurate.
However, in most libraries these costs will be mitigated, and Sample
3 shows the budget for a tiny library with adjustments for discounts
wherever they can be acquired. Here are the mitigating factors I’ve
included in Sample 3:
-
The cost for consumables under Supply Costs should be paid on a
cost-recovery basis, so these costs have been zeroed out. Do be
sure your library is recovering the full cost of wasted pages as
well as those actually printed.
-
The ongoing costs for Internet connectivity are current average
Texas rates. The costs do not include federal E-Rate discounts,
which most libraries can expect to receive in the near term. Most
libraries will qualify for a 50-90% E-Rate discount. I use 70% as
an average.
-
Texas regional library system members in some areas of Texas have
access to TANG technicians as a resource for maintenance. Others
will find local volunteers. These will be able to provide routine
maintenance of workstations and patch installations on workstations
and servers, so I have zeroed out the cost for obtaining commercial
technical support for these items.
-
Some libraries will seek donated computers (three years old) to
replace five-year-old equipment. I’ve reduced the replacement cost
of workstations by half. If the total for equipment replacement
is still untenable, the library must seek additional grant sources
or other local funding to sustain its network.
If you would like to play with the numbers for your library, the budget
samples and a blank template are available in Word 97 format with the
electronic version of this guide. See the reverse of the title page for
the web address.
Sample 1. Tiny Library Network Configuration.
|
Item Description
|
Original Cost
|
Main-tenance
|
Elec-tricity
|
Annualized Replacement Cost
|
Total Annual Cost
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public Workstations (6)
|
$ 8,400
|
$ 600
|
$ 90
|
$ 1680 (5)
|
$ 2,370
|
|
Staff Workstations (2)
|
2,800
|
200
|
30
|
560 (5)
|
790
|
|
Circ Workstation (1 staff; 1 public)
|
2,800
|
200
|
30
|
560 (5)
|
790
|
|
Automation Server
|
5,000
|
150
|
20
|
715 (7)
|
885
|
|
Internet Server
|
3,500
|
150
|
20
|
500 (7)
|
670
|
|
12-port Switch
|
1,400
|
100
|
5
|
175 (8)
|
280
|
|
ISDN Router
|
700
|
100
|
5
|
88 (8)
|
193
|
|
Network Laser Printer
|
2,100
|
100
|
25
|
525 (4)
|
650
|
|
Total Equipment Costs:
|
$26,700
|
$1,600
|
$225
|
$ 4,803
|
$6,628
|
|
Security
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Implementation
|
$ 1,250
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Audit
|
750
|
|
|
|
|
|
Automation Server Patch Application (one hour bi-monthly/$60 per
hour)
|
|
$ 360
|
|
|
$ 360
|
|
Internet Server Patch Application (one hour per month/$60 per hour)
|
|
720
|
|
|
720
|
|
Workstations (10; one hour each per six months/$50 per hour)
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
Other Recurring Costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Internet Service Provision (Access, DNS service, e-mail boxes)
|
|
1,200
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
Data Circuit (ISDN line)
|
|
720
|
|
|
720
|
|
Supply Costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Printer Paper
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
Toner/Ink cartridges
|
|
4,580
|
|
|
4,580
|
|
Media (tape cartridges, diskettes)
|
|
150
|
|
|
150
|
|
Total Annual Cost
|
$28,700
|
$11,330
|
$225
|
$ 4,803
|
$16,358
|
Sample 2. Small Library Network Configuration.
|
Item Description
|
Original Cost
|
Main-
tenance
|
Elec-
tricity
|
Annualized Replacement Cost
|
Total Annual Cost
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public Workstations (20)
|
$28,000
|
$ 600
|
$ 300
|
$ 5,600 (5)
|
$ 6,500
|
|
Staff Workstations (4)
|
5,600
|
400
|
60
|
1,120 (5)
|
1,580
|
|
Circ Workstation (2 staff; 4 public)
|
8,400
|
600
|
90
|
1,680 (5)
|
2,370
|
|
Automation Server
|
5,000
|
150
|
20
|
715 (7)
|
885
|
|
Internet Server
|
3,500
|
150
|
20
|
500 (7)
|
670
|
|
DNS Server
|
3,500
|
150
|
20
|
500 (7)
|
670
|
|
24-port Switch
|
1,200
|
100
|
5
|
150 (8)
|
255
|
|
12-port Switch
|
600
|
100
|
5
|
75 (8)
|
180
|
|
T-1 Router
|
2,000
|
150
|
5
|
250 (8)
|
405
|
|
Network Laser Printer (2)
|
4,200
|
200
|
50
|
1,050 (4)
|
1,300
|
|
Total Equipment Costs:
|
$62,000
|
$2,600
|
$575
|
$ 11,640
|
$14,815
|
|
Security
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Implementation
|
$ 3,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Audit
|
2,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Automation Server Patch Application (one hour bi-monthly/$60 per
hour)
|
|
$ 360
|
|
|
$ 360
|
|
Internet Server Patch Application (one hour per month/$60 per hour)
|
|
720
|
|
|
720
|
|
DNS Server Patch Application (one hour bi- monthly/$60 per hour)
|
|
360
|
|
|
360
|
|
Workstations (30; one hour each per six months/$50 per hour)
|
|
3,000
|
|
|
3,000
|
|
Other Recurring Costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Internet Service Provision (Access, e-mail boxes)
|
|
3,600
|
|
|
3,600
|
|
Data Circuit (ISDN line)
|
|
3,120
|
|
|
3,120
|
|
Supply Costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Printer Paper
|
|
3,000
|
|
|
3,000
|
|
Toner/Ink cartridges
|
|
13,740
|
|
|
13,740
|
|
Media (tape cartridges, diskettes)
|
|
300
|
|
|
300
|
|
Total Annual Cost
|
$67,000
|
$30,800
|
$575
|
$ 11,640
|
$43,015
|
Sample 3. Tiny Library Network Configuration, with Discounts.
|
Item Description
|
Original Cost
|
Main-
tenance
|
Elec-
tricity
|
Annualized Replacement Cost
|
Total Annual Cost
|
|
Equipment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public Workstations (6)
|
$ 8,400
|
$ 0
|
$ 90
|
$ 840 (5)
|
$ 930
|
|
Staff Workstations (2)
|
2,800
|
0
|
30
|
280 (5)
|
310
|
|
Circ Workstation (1 staff; 1 public)
|
2,800
|
0
|
30
|
280 (5)
|
310
|
|
Automation Server
|
5,000
|
150
|
20
|
715 (7)
|
885
|
|
Internet Server
|
3,500
|
150
|
20
|
500 (7)
|
670
|
|
12-port Switch
|
1,400
|
100
|
5
|
175 (8)
|
280
|
|
ISDN Router
|
700
|
100
|
5
|
88 (8)
|
193
|
|
Network Laser Printer
|
2,100
|
100
|
25
|
525 (4)
|
650
|
|
Total Equipment Costs:
|
$26,700
|
$600
|
$225
|
$ 3,403
|
$4,228
|
|
Security
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Implementation
|
$ 1,250
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Audit
|
750
|
|
|
|
|
|
Automation Server Patch Application (one hour bi-monthly/$60 per
hour)
|
|
$ 0
|
|
|
$ 0
|
|
Internet Server Patch Application (one hour per month/$60 per hour)
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
|
Workstations (10; one hour each per six months/$50 per hour)
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
|
Other Recurring Costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Internet Service Provision (Access, DNS service, e-mail boxes)
|
|
with 70%
discount:
360
|
|
|
with 70%
discount:
360
|
|
Data Circuit (ISDN line)
|
|
216
|
|
|
216
|
|
Supply Costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Printer Paper
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
|
Toner/Ink cartridges
|
|
0
|
|
|
0
|
|
Media (tape cartridges, diskettes)
|
|
150
|
|
|
150
|
|
Total Annual Cost
|
$28,700
|
$ 1,326
|
$225
|
$ 3,403
|
$4,954
|
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